Simple Tips for Daily Tasks Alzheimer’s Caregiving Takes Patience and Flexibility

In the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease, your loved one may still be able to live and function independently. The ability to handle daily tasks will dwindle as the disease progresses, however. Consider these practical tips to help your loved one maintain comfort and dignity as he or she becomes more dependent on you or other caregivers.

Reduce Frustrations

A person who has Alzheimer’s may react with frustration, agitation, and even aggression when once-automatic tasks become difficult or impossible. To limit these challenges and ease frustration:

• Schedule wisely. Establish a routine to make each day more predictable and less confusing. Schedule the most difficult tasks, such as bathing or medical appointments, for the time of day when your loved one tends to be most calm and agreeable.
• Take your time. Expect things to take longer than they used to. Schedule more time to complete even simple tasks so that you don’t need to hurry your loved one.
• Involve your loved one. Allow your loved one to do as much as possible with the least amount of assistance. For example, perhaps your loved one can dress alone if you lay out the clothes in the order they go on.
• Limit choices. The fewer the options, the easier it is to decide. For example, provide two outfits to choose between, not a closet full of clothes.
• Provide simple instructions. When you ask your loved one to do something, do it one step at a time.
• Reduce distractions. Turn off the TV and minimize other distractions at mealtime and during conversations so that your loved one can better focus on the task at hand.

Be Flexible

Your loved one’s ability to function and cope will steadily decline. It may even vary from day to day. Try to stay flexible and adapt your routine as needed.

For example, a favorite food may suddenly become unappealing. That’s OK; simply adjust the menu. Or your loved one may insist on wearing the same outfit every day. If that happens, consider buying a few identical outfits. When your loved one is bathing, switch the worn outfit for a clean one.

You might also relax your standards a bit. Bathing, for example, may not be necessary every day — especially if it’s upsetting for your loved one. Try sponge baths between showers or tub baths.

Create a Safe Environment

Alzheimer’s disease impairs judgment and problem-solving skills, increasing your loved one’s risk of injury. To keep your loved one safe:

• Prevent falls. Avoid throw rugs, extension cords, and any clutter that could cause someone to trip or fall. Install handrails or grab bars in critical areas.
• Use locks. Install locks on cabinets that contain anything potentially dangerous, such as medicine, alcohol, guns, toxic cleaning substances, dangerous utensils, and tools.
• Check water temperature. Lower the thermostat on the hot-water heater to prevent burns.
• Keep matches and lighters out of reach. If your loved one smokes, make sure he or she does so only with supervision.
• Stock emergency supplies. Make sure a first-aid kit and a fire extinguisher are accessible, and the smoke alarms have fresh batteries.

Focus on Individualized Care

Each person who has Alzheimer’s may experience its symptoms and progression differently. Consequently, caregiving techniques need to vary. Tailor these practical tips to your loved one’s individual needs.

Remember, your loved one’s responses and behaviors may be different from what they used to be. Patience and flexibility — along with good self-care and the support of friends and family — can help you deal with the challenges and frustrations ahead.

This article was prepared by staff of the Mayo Clinic.